What is Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)?


 


Trigeminal neuralgia is a pain disorder that affects the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve. This nerve controls the functions like chewing and biting and carries sensations from the face to the brain. Though commonly seen in people above 50 years of age, trigeminal neuralgia can occur at any age. Studies confirm that TN is more common in women than men.

What are the causes of TN?

An inflated artery or vein, injury, tumour, inflammation of meninges or other lesions may compress or irritate the trigeminal roots. It damages the protective coating around the nerve (myelin sheath), leading to the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia.

What are the signs and symptoms of TN?

The patient experiences excruciating, intense, stabbing or shock-like pain over the eyes, lips, nose, forehead, mandible and upper jawbone. An attack may extend from a few seconds to several minutes and may occur several times a day. There might also be a persistent stabbing or aching pain in the area of the face supplied by the trigeminal nerve. The facial pain may be triggered by brushing, shaving, touching the face, applying make-up, chewing, blowing, kissing, etc. Sometimes, even a light breeze touching the face may induce an attack.

What are the diagnostic tests to identify TN?

A diagnosis is on the description of the symptoms along with a neurological examination. Other causes of facial pain like cluster headaches, nerve pain after an attack of herpes and disorders of the jaw need to assess before a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is reached. An MRI scan excludes the possibility of a tumour or multiple sclerosis and provides insight into the cause of facial nerve compression.

What are the Treatment options for TN?

1. Medical Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia

2. Surgical Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia


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