Neuro Surgery

  Tuberculosis is a highly communicable disease caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is most common in developing countries and death because of TB is one among the top-10 causes of death worldwide. The prevalence of this disease has increased in developing nations partially as a result of the spread of AIDS in the last few decades.   The lungs are the primarily affected organs by TB but can spread to other parts of the body. When TB spreads, it’s referred to as (EPTB) extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Around 15% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis will have extrapulmonary involvement. The spine- the thoracic spine, in particular, is the most common extrapulmonary site to be infected by TB. Spinal TB is a dangerous form of skeletal TB because it is associated with a neurologic deficit due to compression of the adjacent neural structures and cause significant spinal deformity. Pott’s disease is the slow hematogenous spread (spread through th...

Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) The loss of normal alignment and stability of the first cervical (atlas) and second cervical (axis) vertebrae with respect to each other is called Atlantoaxial dislocation. Atlas is the first cervical vertebra in the neck and this is the bone right below the head which supports the head, the next bone is the axis the second cervical vertebra these vertibrae help balance the whole body. This is a very crucial region because this is the place where the spine starts. The occiput (the bone on the back of the skull), the atlas (C1), and the axis (C2) form one functional unit (the occipitocervical articulation) which gives a high degree of mobility and little bony stability to the neck. The strong ligaments facilitate movement and keep these structures in place. The head rotation occurs mainly at this junction, and the odontoid bone is the axis that allows this rotation. The extension and flexion movement of the head is allowed because of the atlantooccipital j...